Researchers from Norway, Spain, the Netherlands, and Italy, in cooperation with ESA, carried out various experiments to verify the potential of urine urea that could be useful for making concrete for lunar structures. Using urea and various plasticizers along with a material developed by ESA, the researchers have designed various ‘mud’ cylinders and compared the results, using a 3D printer. The trials, carried out at Ostfold University College, Norway, showed that the samples carrying urea assisted heavyweights and maintained its stability. However, researchers stressed the requirement for further trials to determine the best building material for the moon bases, where it can be mass-produced using 3D printers.
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